Difference between revisions of "Romanization convention"

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:あ い う え お　
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{| class=wikitable cellpadding="4" style="width:500px;"
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:A　I　U　E　O
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:か き く け こ　
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|-
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:KA KI KU KE KO
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| 
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:さ し す せ そ　
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!あ!!い!!う!!え!!お!!colspan="3"|（拗音）
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:SA SHI SU SE SO
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|-
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:た ち つ て と　
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!あ
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:TA CHI TSU TE TO
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|a(あ)||i(い)||u(う)||e(え)||o(お)||colspan="3"| 
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:な に ぬ ね の　
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|-
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:NA NI NU NE NO
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!か
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:は ひ ふ へ ほ　
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|ka(か)||ki(き)||ku(く)||ke(け)||ko(こ)||kya(きゃ)||kyu(きゅ)||kyo(きょ)
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:HA HI FU HE HO
+
|-
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:ま み む め も　
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!さ
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:MA MI MU ME MO
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|sa(さ)||shi(し)||su(す)||se(せ)||so(そ)||sha(しゃ)||shu(しゅ)||sho(しょ)
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:や　  ゆ　  よ　
+
|-
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:YA    YU    YO
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!た
−
:わ　　　    を　
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|ta(た)||chi(ち)||tsu(つ)||te(て)||to(と)||cha(ちゃ)||chu(ちゅ)||cho(ちょ)
−
:WA          O
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|-
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:ん　　　　　
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!な
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:N
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|na(な)||ni(に)||nu(ぬ)||ne(ね)||no(の)||nya(にゃ)||nyu(にゅ)||nyo(にょ)
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|-
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!は
 +
|ha(は)||hi(ひ)||fu(ふ)||he(へ)||ho(ほ)||hya(ひゃ)||hyu(ひゅ)||hyo(ひょ)
 +
|-
 +
!ま
 +
|ma(ま)||mi(み)||mu(む)||me(め)||mo(も)||mya(みゃ)||myu(みゅ)||myo(みょ)
 +
|-
 +
!や
 +
|ya(や)|| ||yu(ゆ)|| ||yo(よ)||colspan="3"| 
 +
|-
 +
!ら
 +
|ra(ら)||ri(り)||ru(る)||re(れ)||ro(ろ)||rya(りゃ)||ryu(りゅ)||ryo(りょ)
 +
|-
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!わ
 +
|wa(わ)||(wi)(うぃ)|| ||(we)(うぇ)||o(を)||colspan="3"| 
 +
|-
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!ん
 +
|n(ん)
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|-
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!が
 +
|ga(が)||gi(ぎ)||gu(ぐ)||ge(げ)||go(ご)||gya(ぎゃ)||gyu(ぎゅ)||gyo(ぎょ)
 +
|-
 +
!ざ
 +
|za(ざ)||ji(じ)||zu(ず)||ze(ぜ)||zo(ぞ)||ja(じゃ)||ju(じゅ)||jo(じょ)
 +
|-
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!だ
 +
|da(だ)||(ji)(ぢ)||(zu)(づ)||de(で)||do(ど)||(ja)(ぢゃ)||(ju)(ぢゅ)||(jo)(ぢょ)
 +
|-
 +
!ば
 +
|ba(ば)||bi(び)||bu(ぶ)||be(べ)||bo(ぼ)||bya(びゃ)||byu(びゅ)||byo(びょ)
 +
|-
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!ぱ
 +
|pa(ぱ)||pi(ぴ)||pu(ぷ)||pe(ぺ)||po(ぽ)||pya(ぴゃ)||pyu(ぴゅ)||pyo(ぴょ)
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|}
  
−
:がぎぐげご
 
−
:GA GI GU GE GO
 
−
:ざじずぜぞ
 
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:ZA JI ZU ZE ZO
 
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:だぢづでど
 
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:DA JI ZU DE DO
 
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:ばびぶべぼ
 
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:BA BI BU BE BO
 
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:ぱぴぷぺぽ
 
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:PA PI PU PE PO
 
  
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:きゃ　きゅ　きょ
 
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:KYA  KYU  KYO
 
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:ぎゃ　ぎゅ　ぎょ
 
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:GYA  GYU  GYO
 
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:じゃ　じゅ　じょ
 
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:JA  JU  JO
 
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:ちゃ　ちゅ　ちょ
 
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:CHA  CHU  CHO
 
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:にゃ　にゅ　にょ
 
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:NYA  NYU  NYO
 
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:ひゃ　ひゅ　ひょ
 
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:HYA  HYU  HYO
 
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:みゃ　みゅ　みょ
 
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:MYA  MYU  MYO
 
  
 
*Avoiding confusions
 
*Avoiding confusions
Line 50: Line 60:
 
:信用（しんよう）→　Shin'yo
 
:信用（しんよう）→　Shin'yo
  
 +
*Non-Japanese pronunciations
 
:ディー　→　di
 
:ディー　→　di
 +
:ティ　　→　ti
 +
:トゥー　→　tu
 
:ファ　　→　fa
 
:ファ　　→　fa
 +
:フェ　　→　fe
 +
:フォ　　→　fo
 +
:ヴィ　　→　vi
 +
 +
*Lengthened vowels
 +
:Although a diacritic (Macron) is used for lengthened vowels in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepburn_romanization Hepburn romanization system] (e.g., ā (あー), ē (えー）, ī（いー）, ō（おー）, ū（うー）), Shashi Wiki omits the macrons for the convenience of searching.
 +
 +
*Double vowels
 +
:Some Japanese names use double/same vowels (e.g., 大阪(おおさか)), and usually a macron is used (Ōsaka) rather than writing two vowels (Oosaka*). Macrons are, however, omitted in Shashi Wiki (Osaka).
 +
 +
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokuon Sokuon]
 +
:Sokuon (促音, See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_phonology Moraic obstruent])is written as "っ", not the larger "つ" (tsu), and written by doubling the following consonant. (e.g., 鉄鋼(てっこう)→ tekko; 学校(がっこう)→ gakko)
 +
 +
*Contradiction between what is pronounced and what is written
 +
:Some Japanese words are written differently from what is said. For example, the final vowel う(u) in 学校(がっこう）is merged with the previous vowel お (o) (i.e., こ = k+o), and がっこう is written as "gakko," not "gakkou." Other examples are 東京(とうきょう)→ Tokyo; 協会(きょうかい)→　kyokai; 理工(りこう)→　riko; 神宮(じんぐう)→　jingu, etc.
 +
 +
:However, be careful not to apply this rule to everything. For example, 明治(めいじ)is written "Meiji", not "Meeji" or "Meji"; 大成(たいせい)→ Taisei, etc.

Latest revision as of 19:09, 27 February 2009

  あ い う え お （拗音）
あ a(あ) i(い) u(う) e(え) o(お)  
か ka(か) ki(き) ku(く) ke(け) ko(こ) kya(きゃ) kyu(きゅ) kyo(きょ)
さ sa(さ) shi(し) su(す) se(せ) so(そ) sha(しゃ) shu(しゅ) sho(しょ)
た ta(た) chi(ち) tsu(つ) te(て) to(と) cha(ちゃ) chu(ちゅ) cho(ちょ)
な na(な) ni(に) nu(ぬ) ne(ね) no(の) nya(にゃ) nyu(にゅ) nyo(にょ)
は ha(は) hi(ひ) fu(ふ) he(へ) ho(ほ) hya(ひゃ) hyu(ひゅ) hyo(ひょ)
ま ma(ま) mi(み) mu(む) me(め) mo(も) mya(みゃ) myu(みゅ) myo(みょ)
や ya(や) yu(ゆ) yo(よ)  
ら ra(ら) ri(り) ru(る) re(れ) ro(ろ) rya(りゃ) ryu(りゅ) ryo(りょ)
わ wa(わ) (wi)(うぃ)   (we)(うぇ) o(を)  
ん n(ん)
が ga(が) gi(ぎ) gu(ぐ) ge(げ) go(ご) gya(ぎゃ) gyu(ぎゅ) gyo(ぎょ)
ざ za(ざ) ji(じ) zu(ず) ze(ぜ) zo(ぞ) ja(じゃ) ju(じゅ) jo(じょ)
だ da(だ) (ji)(ぢ) (zu)(づ) de(で) do(ど) (ja)(ぢゃ) (ju)(ぢゅ) (jo)(ぢょ)
ば ba(ば) bi(び) bu(ぶ) be(べ) bo(ぼ) bya(びゃ) byu(びゅ) byo(びょ)
ぱ pa(ぱ) pi(ぴ) pu(ぷ) pe(ぺ) po(ぽ) pya(ぴゃ) pyu(ぴゅ) pyo(ぴょ)


  • Avoiding confusions
信金（しんきん）→　Shinkin
信用（しんよう）→　Shin'yo
  • Non-Japanese pronunciations
ディー　→　di
ティ　　→　ti
トゥー　→　tu
ファ　　→　fa
フェ　　→　fe
フォ　　→　fo
ヴィ　　→　vi
  • Lengthened vowels
Although a diacritic (Macron) is used for lengthened vowels in Hepburn romanization system (e.g., ā (あー), ē (えー）, ī（いー）, ō（おー）, ū（うー）), Shashi Wiki omits the macrons for the convenience of searching.
  • Double vowels
Some Japanese names use double/same vowels (e.g., 大阪(おおさか)), and usually a macron is used (Ōsaka) rather than writing two vowels (Oosaka*). Macrons are, however, omitted in Shashi Wiki (Osaka).
Sokuon (促音, See Moraic obstruent)is written as "っ", not the larger "つ" (tsu), and written by doubling the following consonant. (e.g., 鉄鋼(てっこう)→ tekko; 学校(がっこう)→ gakko)
  • Contradiction between what is pronounced and what is written
Some Japanese words are written differently from what is said. For example, the final vowel う(u) in 学校(がっこう）is merged with the previous vowel お (o) (i.e., こ = k+o), and がっこう is written as "gakko," not "gakkou." Other examples are 東京(とうきょう)→ Tokyo; 協会(きょうかい)→　kyokai; 理工(りこう)→　riko; 神宮(じんぐう)→　jingu, etc.
However, be careful not to apply this rule to everything. For example, 明治(めいじ)is written "Meiji", not "Meeji" or "Meji"; 大成(たいせい)→ Taisei, etc.
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