Difference between revisions of "Romanization convention"
From ShashiWiki
| (6 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!あ | !あ | ||
| − | |a||i||u||e||o||colspan="3"| | + | |a(あ)||i(い)||u(う)||e(え)||o(お)||colspan="3"| |
|- | |- | ||
!か | !か | ||
| − | |ka||ki||ku||ke||ko||kya||kyu||kyo | + | |ka(か)||ki(き)||ku(く)||ke(け)||ko(こ)||kya(きゃ)||kyu(きゅ)||kyo(きょ) |
|- | |- | ||
!さ | !さ | ||
| − | |sa||shi||su||se||so||sha||shu||sho | + | |sa(さ)||shi(し)||su(す)||se(せ)||so(そ)||sha(しゃ)||shu(しゅ)||sho(しょ) |
|- | |- | ||
!た | !た | ||
| − | |ta||chi||tsu||te||to||cha||chu||cho | + | |ta(た)||chi(ち)||tsu(つ)||te(て)||to(と)||cha(ちゃ)||chu(ちゅ)||cho(ちょ) |
|- | |- | ||
!な | !な | ||
| − | |na||ni||nu||ne||no||nya||nyu||nyo | + | |na(な)||ni(に)||nu(ぬ)||ne(ね)||no(の)||nya(にゃ)||nyu(にゅ)||nyo(にょ) |
|- | |- | ||
!は | !は | ||
| − | |ha||hi||fu||he||ho||hya||hyu||hyo | + | |ha(は)||hi(ひ)||fu(ふ)||he(へ)||ho(ほ)||hya(ひゃ)||hyu(ひゅ)||hyo(ひょ) |
|- | |- | ||
!ま | !ま | ||
| − | |ma||mi||mu||me||mo||mya||myu||myo | + | |ma(ま)||mi(み)||mu(む)||me(め)||mo(も)||mya(みゃ)||myu(みゅ)||myo(みょ) |
|- | |- | ||
!や | !や | ||
| − | |ya|| ||yu|| ||yo||colspan="3"| | + | |ya(や)|| ||yu(ゆ)|| ||yo(よ)||colspan="3"| |
|- | |- | ||
!ら | !ら | ||
| − | |ra||ri||ru||re||ro||rya||ryu||ryo | + | |ra(ら)||ri(り)||ru(る)||re(れ)||ro(ろ)||rya(りゃ)||ryu(りゅ)||ryo(りょ) |
|- | |- | ||
!わ | !わ | ||
| − | |wa||(wi)|| ||(we)||o||colspan="3"| | + | |wa(わ)||(wi)(うぃ)|| ||(we)(うぇ)||o(を)||colspan="3"| |
|- | |- | ||
!ん | !ん | ||
| − | |n | + | |n(ん) |
|- | |- | ||
!が | !が | ||
| − | |ga||gi||gu||ge||go||gya||gyu||gyo | + | |ga(が)||gi(ぎ)||gu(ぐ)||ge(げ)||go(ご)||gya(ぎゃ)||gyu(ぎゅ)||gyo(ぎょ) |
|- | |- | ||
!ざ | !ざ | ||
| − | |za||ji||zu||ze||zo||ja||ju||jo | + | |za(ざ)||ji(じ)||zu(ず)||ze(ぜ)||zo(ぞ)||ja(じゃ)||ju(じゅ)||jo(じょ) |
|- | |- | ||
!だ | !だ | ||
| − | |da||(ji)||(zu)||de||do||(ja)||(ju)||(jo) | + | |da(だ)||(ji)(ぢ)||(zu)(づ)||de(で)||do(ど)||(ja)(ぢゃ)||(ju)(ぢゅ)||(jo)(ぢょ) |
|- | |- | ||
!ば | !ば | ||
| − | |ba||bi||bu||be||bo||bya||byu||byo | + | |ba(ば)||bi(び)||bu(ぶ)||be(べ)||bo(ぼ)||bya(びゃ)||byu(びゅ)||byo(びょ) |
|- | |- | ||
!ぱ | !ぱ | ||
| − | |pa||pi||pu||pe||po||pya||pyu||pyo | + | |pa(ぱ)||pi(ぴ)||pu(ぷ)||pe(ぺ)||po(ぽ)||pya(ぴゃ)||pyu(ぴゅ)||pyo(ぴょ) |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 60: | Line 60: | ||
:信用（しんよう）→ Shin'yo | :信用（しんよう）→ Shin'yo | ||
| + | *Non-Japanese pronunciations | ||
:ディー → di | :ディー → di | ||
| + | :ティ → ti | ||
| + | :トゥー → tu | ||
:ファ → fa | :ファ → fa | ||
| + | :フェ → fe | ||
| + | :フォ → fo | ||
| + | :ヴィ → vi | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Lengthened vowels | ||
| + | :Although a diacritic (Macron) is used for lengthened vowels in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepburn_romanization Hepburn romanization system] (e.g., ā (あー), ē (えー）, ī（いー）, ō（おー）, ū（うー）), Shashi Wiki omits the macrons for the convenience of searching. | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Double vowels | ||
| + | :Some Japanese names use double/same vowels (e.g., 大阪(おおさか)), and usually a macron is used (Ōsaka) rather than writing two vowels (Oosaka*). Macrons are, however, omitted in Shashi Wiki (Osaka). | ||
| + | |||
| + | *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokuon Sokuon] | ||
| + | :Sokuon (促音, See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_phonology Moraic obstruent])is written as "っ", not the larger "つ" (tsu), and written by doubling the following consonant. (e.g., 鉄鋼(てっこう)→ tekko; 学校(がっこう)→ gakko) | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Contradiction between what is pronounced and what is written | ||
| + | :Some Japanese words are written differently from what is said. For example, the final vowel う(u) in 学校(がっこう）is merged with the previous vowel お (o) (i.e., こ = k+o), and がっこう is written as "gakko," not "gakkou." Other examples are 東京(とうきょう)→ Tokyo; 協会(きょうかい)→ kyokai; 理工(りこう)→ riko; 神宮(じんぐう)→ jingu, etc. | ||
| + | |||
| + | :However, be careful not to apply this rule to everything. For example, 明治(めいじ)is written "Meiji", not "Meeji" or "Meji"; 大成(たいせい)→ Taisei, etc. | ||
Latest revision as of 19:09, 27 February 2009
| あ | い | う | え | お | （拗音） | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| あ | a(あ) | i(い) | u(う) | e(え) | o(お) | |||
| か | ka(か) | ki(き) | ku(く) | ke(け) | ko(こ) | kya(きゃ) | kyu(きゅ) | kyo(きょ) |
| さ | sa(さ) | shi(し) | su(す) | se(せ) | so(そ) | sha(しゃ) | shu(しゅ) | sho(しょ) |
| た | ta(た) | chi(ち) | tsu(つ) | te(て) | to(と) | cha(ちゃ) | chu(ちゅ) | cho(ちょ) |
| な | na(な) | ni(に) | nu(ぬ) | ne(ね) | no(の) | nya(にゃ) | nyu(にゅ) | nyo(にょ) |
| は | ha(は) | hi(ひ) | fu(ふ) | he(へ) | ho(ほ) | hya(ひゃ) | hyu(ひゅ) | hyo(ひょ) |
| ま | ma(ま) | mi(み) | mu(む) | me(め) | mo(も) | mya(みゃ) | myu(みゅ) | myo(みょ) |
| や | ya(や) | yu(ゆ) | yo(よ) | |||||
| ら | ra(ら) | ri(り) | ru(る) | re(れ) | ro(ろ) | rya(りゃ) | ryu(りゅ) | ryo(りょ) |
| わ | wa(わ) | (wi)(うぃ) | (we)(うぇ) | o(を) | ||||
| ん | n(ん) | |||||||
| が | ga(が) | gi(ぎ) | gu(ぐ) | ge(げ) | go(ご) | gya(ぎゃ) | gyu(ぎゅ) | gyo(ぎょ) |
| ざ | za(ざ) | ji(じ) | zu(ず) | ze(ぜ) | zo(ぞ) | ja(じゃ) | ju(じゅ) | jo(じょ) |
| だ | da(だ) | (ji)(ぢ) | (zu)(づ) | de(で) | do(ど) | (ja)(ぢゃ) | (ju)(ぢゅ) | (jo)(ぢょ) |
| ば | ba(ば) | bi(び) | bu(ぶ) | be(べ) | bo(ぼ) | bya(びゃ) | byu(びゅ) | byo(びょ) |
| ぱ | pa(ぱ) | pi(ぴ) | pu(ぷ) | pe(ぺ) | po(ぽ) | pya(ぴゃ) | pyu(ぴゅ) | pyo(ぴょ) |
- Avoiding confusions
- 信金（しんきん）→ Shinkin
- 信用（しんよう）→ Shin'yo
- Non-Japanese pronunciations
- ディー → di
- ティ → ti
- トゥー → tu
- ファ → fa
- フェ → fe
- フォ → fo
- ヴィ → vi
- Lengthened vowels
- Although a diacritic (Macron) is used for lengthened vowels in Hepburn romanization system (e.g., ā (あー), ē (えー）, ī（いー）, ō（おー）, ū（うー）), Shashi Wiki omits the macrons for the convenience of searching.
- Double vowels
- Some Japanese names use double/same vowels (e.g., 大阪(おおさか)), and usually a macron is used (Ōsaka) rather than writing two vowels (Oosaka*). Macrons are, however, omitted in Shashi Wiki (Osaka).
- Sokuon (促音, See Moraic obstruent)is written as "っ", not the larger "つ" (tsu), and written by doubling the following consonant. (e.g., 鉄鋼(てっこう)→ tekko; 学校(がっこう)→ gakko)
- Contradiction between what is pronounced and what is written
- Some Japanese words are written differently from what is said. For example, the final vowel う(u) in 学校(がっこう）is merged with the previous vowel お (o) (i.e., こ = k+o), and がっこう is written as "gakko," not "gakkou." Other examples are 東京(とうきょう)→ Tokyo; 協会(きょうかい)→ kyokai; 理工(りこう)→ riko; 神宮(じんぐう)→ jingu, etc.
- However, be careful not to apply this rule to everything. For example, 明治(めいじ)is written "Meiji", not "Meeji" or "Meji"; 大成(たいせい)→ Taisei, etc.
